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Woman in late 50s must slash expenses and time-share her horse to retire

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Situation: Woman, 56, with two kids at home can’t afford to retire without more assets, fewer costsimage

Solution: Delay retirement to 60 to increase assets growth and cut payout years, grow investments

In Alberta, a women we’ll call Helen, 56, is tired of her work. She wants to retire from her job as a chemical analyst for a small company in the oil industry. She has financial assets of about $700,000 which, with the assistance of Old Age Security and Canada Pension Plan, will be her total retirement support. For now, she has two children in their early 20s living at home and a riding horse to feed. A cautious person, she is not sure she is financially ready to quit a job that provides $4,000 monthly after-tax income. She has no debts but she also has no company pension.

Related 60-year-old woman with budget already in red must raise cash and cut losses to retire With $7,000 a month going to service debt, future bleak unless couple can stem the red ink Millionaires who don’t have any money face having to work to 70 “I have been working in some capacity since I was 12, raised two children on my own and managed to pay off my house and my car,” Helen explains. “I want to retire soon, but my children need help, the younger with university expenses, the older with living expenses after coming back home. All that will add perhaps $1,000 a month to my expenses. Can I retire under the circumstances and, if so, when?”

Family Finance asked financial planner Don Forbes, head of Don Forbes & Associates Ltd./Armstrong & Quaile Associates Ltd. in Carberry, Manitoba, to work with Helen.

Cost control before retirement

“Not yet,” is Mr. Forbes’ answer. “To retire this year, Helen would have to reduce expenses by as much as 60% or have the children pay a lot more of their bills. But in two years, with some planning, retirement is possible with cuts in spending, elimination of commuting costs, office lunches, and some spending on clothes for work. Her children, still resident in her home, would have to contribute to the household budget. Helen will continue to have a $1,000 a month contribution to household expenses from a friend living with her. That pushes her total disposable monthly income to $5,000. Waiting an additional two years to age 60 makes even more sense, for it allows her income from her RRSP to grow and increases the probability that the children will be on their own. So 60 is the start date for this plan.

Before retirement starts, Helen has to deal with large future costs. Her horse, which costs $450 a month for stable, food, vet bills, etc. is an important part of her life. Helen can keep it, perhaps by finding a partner to share the costs and, of course, to have the use of the animal on whatever basis might be agreed.

Helen has to replace her 11-year-old vehicle. A new truck with a $25,000 price tag could be financed with a $475 monthly payment on a five-year loan at 3%. That could come in part from suspending TFSA savings, currently $300 a month, or via a withdrawal from the $20,000 balance of the TFSA or $6,000 cash on hand or some combination of those sources. It’s a tough choice, for there isn’t much fat in her spending to cut. We’ll assume that TFSA savings stop and that the account is used in some measure for the purchase.

Retirement outlook

Helen’s RRSP balance, $525,000, will grow at 4% a year to $614,200 in four years with no further contributions. If paid out so that all capital is exhausted in the 30 years from age 60 to 90, the fund would yield $34,150 a year. If Helen were to take her Canada Pension Plan benefits at a 36% discount of the age 65 benefit of $12,460, she would have annual income of $7,974 on top of RRSP payouts for total annual income of about $42,125. If she pays tax at a 13% average rate, she would be left with $36,650. She could add $12,000 from her housemate to push total income to $48,650 and monthly income after tax to about $4,050, Mr. Forbes estimates.

Helen has a $150,000 investment in a troubled real estate investment trust. It has reduced payments drastically, but if it is able to revive, it would be expected to make modest annual payments of about $2,400. That would add $200 a month to income, pushing pre-tax income to $44,525 and after tax income, including the $1,000 monthly payments from her house mate to about $4,225, a month. Helen could try to sell the asset, but in its present state, she would probably be unable to get much for it.

At age 65, Helen can begin Old Age Security benefits at $6,704 a year, raising total income to $51,229 a year or $44,570 after 13% tax plus the $12,000 annual payments from her house mate for final income of $56,570 a year or about $4,700 a month to spend, Mr. Forbes says.

Helen’s monthly expenses and savings allocations currently add up to $5,000. But they will decline when her children leave home, eliminating perhaps $1,000 of expenses. After retirement, her gas costs for commuting, car repairs, and clothing for work would decline. Further cuts in costs are possible if she can share horse expenses with a co-owner she needs to find. She is already shopping the horse to find a co-owner. She can easily live within her projected retirement income even without payments from her problematic real estate deal.

Delaying retirement also reduces the time her assets have to support her. Death is a reality in planning how long assets should last. Should Helen outlast her RRSP payouts, she can sell her house for money for assisted care, Mr. Forbes notes.

Helen can raise retirement income by cutting investments costs. She has a single asset in her RRSP, a bank’s balanced fund with 2.4% management expense ratio. If she moves to a blend of 60% equity exchange traded funds and 40% investment grade bonds in a 10 year ETF ladder, her fees might average 3/10ths of 1%, and her returns could conservatively rise to 5% or more after costs. That would be a 25% jump. If she would like to get the feel of the move, she could switch perhaps 10% a year to the ETFs and try them out.

“There is no doubt that Helen is going to have a modest retirement income,” Mr. Forbes says. ‘The variables are expense control, which has to be worked out with her children, and investment returns, which, as indicated, are in her control.”

e-mail andrew.allentuck@gmail.com for a free Family Finance analysis

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It’s taxes versus a mortgage for the self-employed

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woman+with+open+sign+-+1500x844Eighty of mortgage broker Dustan Woodhouse’s clients who were approved for a mortgage in 2011 wouldn’t have qualified for the same mortgage today.

In the summer of 2012, Canada’s financial regulator introduced Guideline B-20 as a way of tightening up the banks’ approval processes.

Part of B-20 requires banks to examine incomes more closely, but where does that leave self-employed people, who have had more trouble getting mortgages since that rule was brought in?

 

 

“It sort of came in under the radar a little bit and caught a lot of [self-employed] people off guard when they were probably not used to having any real issues with arranging financing in the past,” says Gerry Orr, president and owner of Alberta Mortgages in Calgary.

The main problem for self-employed workers is that they typically lower their taxable income through business expenses and other deductions, so what they declare is often an inaccurate reflection of their true incomes. In the past, they were able to simply declare their incomes and provide proof of self-employment, along with other documentation.

Today, self-employed individuals can still apply for a stated income mortgage at some banks, but B-20 also means that they need to put up at least a 35-per-cent down payment to avoid purchasing default insurance from the likes of Genworth Canada or Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp., Canada’s two largest mortgage insurers.

So while those 80 families of Mr. Woodhouse, an accredited mortgage professional with Canadian Mortgage Experts in Vancouver, can consider themselves lucky that they were approved before B-20 was put in place, what about other self-employed individuals or families in the current climate? What can they do to ensure that they can obtain the kind of mortgage they need?

According to many experts, it all starts with how much income you’re declaring when you file your taxes.

“The key is to declare as much money as possible and not hide funds by any means because it’s going to hurt you in the long run,” says Mathieu McCaie, a mortgage agent for the Mortgage Group in Dieppe, N.B. “You’re either paying Revenue Canada or you’re paying it somewhere else to borrow the money, basically.”

And while prospective self-employed homeowners will have to submit a detailed, accountant-prepared general tax form, in full – not just the four-page summary that many people turn in – in addition to a notice of assessment to confirm that no taxes are owing, it’s one thing in particular that prospective lenders are looking for.

“Line 150 – documented income – is everything,” Mr. Woodhouse says. “That’s also the composition of that income. What they’re really looking for is earned income from your trade or your profession.”

With that in mind, how much income are they looking for?

“Typically, if someone’s operating a fairly successful business, they should at least claim $100,000 or just under if they want to continue purchasing real estate,” says Michael Marini, a mortgage broker with Dominion Lending Centres in Toronto.

“If it’s just for their own single purpose, just one purchase, they need to show an average two-year income. They need to ensure that their income is high enough in the last two years to qualify for the property that they want.”

With that two-year period in mind, planning is of the essence. Purchasing real estate and establishing a successful business do not necessarily mix in the short term, so you’re better off building up your business before deciding to buy a house, experts suggest.

“If you’re not two years in the business, that’s going to be a real challenge to purchase a house,” Mr. McCaie says.

For those who don’t qualify via the banks and other A-list lenders, there are other routes, such as credit unions, that are not subject to the B-20 regulations and can take on more risk from their borrowers.

“Through alternative lending channels we can use gross income by showing bank statements that show you have income coming in, you’re just not declaring it, and give them a mortgage,” he says.

Such a loan might come at a higher cost, however.

“Really, it comes down to whether or not you’re willing to pay the interest premium and the higher down payments required with a B or private lender, versus arranging your affairs in such a way that your income personally on your notice of assessment reflects a higher level,” says Mr. Orr.

Or, as Mr. Woodhouse puts it, would you rather pay a premium on your mortgage, or would you rather pay income tax? “It’s your choice.”

Follow on Twitter: @paulattfield

Fixer-uppers not for the faint-of-heart – Ask a Vancouver Mortgage Broker

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houserenoWhen Eileen Muzzin and her partner, Dan Pedersen, were searching for a home in Vancouver, they knew they wouldn’t be buying a place with granite countertops or a peekaboo view. With a modest budget – by Vancouver standards – they ultimately decided on a fixer-upper on the city’s east side.

The couple got a 2,000-square-foot home with walls painted red and gold, a weak electrical system, various objects buried in the backyard and a kitchen that was last renovated in 1961.

“We were digging in our yard and found a rolled-up carpet two feet down,” Ms. Muzzin recalls. “There were really old bricks there too, which we ended up reusing between our garden beds.

“We basically bought the crappiest house in the neighbourhood we wanted to live in,” Ms. Muzzin says.

The two were smart to buy in a community they coveted. There’s truth behind the cliché “location, location, location.”

“You can fix a home but you can’t fix a neighbourhood,” says Vancouver real estate agent Kel Parry.

What the home also had was good bones. The trick to purchasing a fixer-upper without ending up with buyer’s remorse is distinguishing between a home that has “potential” and one that could turn out to be a disaster.

To do that, a home inspection is a must. But that’s just the starting point, says Mr. Parry, who himself bought a fixer-upper with his wife many years ago in North Vancouver.

Hire a contractor to give you estimates on fixing problems. “If you can, get two or three quotes. Once you start getting those numbers down, tack on another 30 per cent for contingency,” he says.

“The first thing I tell clients when they’re considering a fixer-upper is, whatever you’ve budgeted, make sure you have more than that,” he adds. “There are always hidden costs.”

Aside from using savings, credit cards or lines of credit for HGTV-style projects, buyers can secure financing at the time of purchase through mortgages such as the CMHC Improvement program or Genworth’s Purchase Plus Improvements program.

Fixer-uppers typically need expensive renovations of kitchens and washrooms. Other common and costly jobs include repairing or replacing the roof and windows as well as upgrading the electrical and plumbing systems.

Some repairs are deal-breakers, with structural and foundation problems typically falling in that category.

“If you’re looking at a property that will continue to cost you money in the long run, and will cost you a lot of money right out of the gate, you want to get a professional opinion on that,” Mr. Parry says, adding that it’s important to do a property-information search with the city or municipality. “Structural and foundation issues are big.”

An oil tank buried in the yard is another red flag, says Vancouver home inspector Tom Munro, founder of Munro Home Inspections.

“Oil tanks are the ultimate deal-breaker,” says Mr. Munro, who claims to be the only inspector in the Greater Vancouver area who scans for buried tanks using a magnetic sensor. “The tank needs to be disposed of properly. You need to get an oil-tank-removal certificate, and then you need an independent soil-sample analysis.”

Aside from the environmental impact, cleanup can be costly. One North Vancouver homeowner had to spend $85,000 on the removal of a tank and the ensuing decontamination of her property in 2012.

Mr. Munro has found other buried treasure during home inspections. He discovered a Volkswagen Beetle in one backyard where the swimming pool used to be. In the fixer-upper he bought himself recently, a previous owner had deposited all of the old appliances under a few feet of dirt.

Then there’s the accompanying stress of renovations. They can take a toll on relationships as well.

“If you anticipate a number of projects, you have to be prepared to live in that situation with dust, with tarps, with all the things that come with living in a construction zone,” Mr. Parry says. “It’s very disruptive, especially if you have young children. If you can get renos started before you move in or even stay with relatives or in a hotel for a short period, those are worth considering. Some people don’t mind it, but it’s not for everyone.”

Mr. Munro says with a laugh: “I’m a marriage counsellor as much as a home inspector.”

For Ms. Muzzin and her partner, living amid the mess has so far been worth it. They enjoy working on their home and going to salvage lots for unique finds.

They installed a beautiful claw-foot tub with polished chrome feet in the main bathroom they renovated themselves. They hired professionals to replace the roof and upgrade the electrical system. Next up is that 1961 kitchen, with its linoleum floors and teal-coloured everything.

“I love having my own home to work on,” Ms. Muzzin says. “But it’s not for the faint-hearted.”

Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeMoney

Applying for a fixed-rate mortgage? Why you need to do your homework

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mortgage-soldsign00sr2 (1)Imagine you’ve applied for a five-year fixed-rate mortgage. Then, before you close, the lender drops its best five-year fixed interest rate. You’d expect that new lower rate, right?

Most people in this position would. But with some lenders, that’s not the way it works.

If you’re going mortgage shopping, take a minute to understand your lender’s rate-drop policy before you send in your application. Too many people don’t and it ends up costing them.

MORE RELATED TO THIS STORY

BOOK EXCERPT When it comes to home buying, smaller is better DECODING THE MORTGAGE MARKET Should you get pre-approved for a mortgage? Ten things to know Five-year mortgages holding firm, but just wait The government-backed Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. is raising its prices for home mortgage insurance. CARRICK TALKS MONEY Video: Carrick Talks Money: Don’t get stuck in the mortgage penalty box Your Personal Investor Dale Jackson looks at the cost of longer amortization periods. VIDEO Video: If you choose lower mortgage payments now, you may regret it later Homeowners may be feeling nervous after the Bank of Canada’s recent talk of changes to interest rates. Canadian Press business reporter Romina Maurino looks at what this could mean for your mortgage. MONEY MONITOR Video: How would an interest-rate hike affect your mortgage? How rate drops normally work Typically, if you’ve been approved for a mortgage and the lender drops its rates before your closing date, the lender will lower your rate as well. Every lender has its own policies, though. For instance:

· Some lenders allow you only one rate drop. Others allow multiple. · Some lenders only permit rate reductions up to seven days before you close. Others give you their best rate right up until your closing date. · Some lenders automatically lower your rate. Others require your banker or mortgage broker to manually request the rate adjustment. In this latter case, you better have a reliable mortgage adviser or keep tabs on rates yourself.

The best-case scenarios are those lenders with “look-back” policies. This means they’ll look back and give you their lowest rate from the time you applied until the time you closed. Those lenders are few and far between but any good broker knows who they are.

How other lenders operate More and more lenders are adding “no-float-down” clauses to their fixed mortgage rates. This is particularly true with certain non-bank lenders.

“No float down” means your rate cannot be adjusted lower if that lender comes out with a better deal. Those lenders make those lower rates available for “new business only.”

Now, you may be thinking, “I’m a good client, why should a new customer get a better rate than me?” The answer, lenders say, is profitability. When you get a fixed mortgage, the company funding your mortgage generally “hedges” that rate, meaning it pays for an expensive form of rate insurance. This ensures the lender doesn’t lose big if rates jump and it has to honour the lower rate it promised you.

If rates fell and the lender didn’t have a “no float-down” clause, it would incur the cost of that rate hedge and have to give all of that rate savings back to you, the customer. But with mortgage competition so fierce and margins so tight, some lenders can’t afford to do that anymore.

When rate drops matter If fixed rates are rising or going sideways, “no-float-down” policies shouldn’t hurt you. If fixed rates are in a downtrend, however, it pays to have that rate-drop option, other things being equal.

I say “other things being equal” because float-down privileges are rarely the deciding factor when choosing a mortgage. A lower upfront rate or better mortgage features can often negate the disadvantage of no-float-down restrictions.

Moreover, the odds of rates dropping decline the closer you are to your closing date.

In case you’re curious, fixed mortgage rates drop from one month to the next about 38 per cent of the time. That’s been the case since 1951 at least, according to Bank of Canada data.

Historically when rates have dropped – versus the prior month – the average decrease has been 0.23 percentage points. Even if you ignore 1973 to 1993, a volatile period of surging and plunging rates, the average decrease was still 0.17 percentage points. On a $200,000 five-year mortgage, a 0.17 percentage point rate drop would save you about $2,500 in interest.

If your mortgage does come with a rate-drop feature, contact your mortgage adviser about 10 days before you’re scheduled to close. Don’t take it for granted that someone will notify you automatically if rates are lowered. Ask if your lender has offered cheaper rates since you applied for your specific term and rate hold period. (Those last three words are important because lenders generally don’t let you have their lowest 30-day “quick close” rate if you originally applied for a 60, 90 or 120-day rate.)

Make it a point to understand your lender’s rate-drop policy. Every tenth of a per cent matters and you never know when interest costs will dip.

There are 300-plus lenders to choose from in this country. If you pick one with a “no-float-down” policy, be sure the rest of the mortgage terms make up for it.

Robert McLister is a mortgage planner at intelliMortgage Inc. and founder of RateSpy.com.

Follow Robert McLister on Twitter: @RateSpy.com

First-time homebuyers are feeling the weight of Canada’s housing boom

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first-home-buyersMany times over the last few years, John Norquay has been stricken with pangs of anxiety over not being a homeowner.

Should you rent or own your home?

Bank of CanadaPeople say that when you grow up, you buy a home. But owning doesn’t make sense for everyone and in some cases, it might be more financially beneficial to rent. Find out more They strike when he attends housewarming parties for friends. They hit when he hears that friends bought in the condo building where he is renting and the value of the unit has already shot up.

But the 35-year-old Toronto immigration and refugee lawyer graduated in 2005 with $75,000 in student debt and while he tackled his loans ahead of saving for a down payment, home prices have only climbed. “I decided to wait but I don’t know if I’ll end up regretting that,” he says. “It seems like every other month there’s an article about the condo market bubble bursting; I kind of gambled there and I think I lost.”

It used to be a rite of passage for young people, a way to announce your adulthood to the world by buying your first home. But fewer young people today are able to achieve this dream. A recent CIBC report showed that the home ownership rate among first-time homebuyers (25 to 35) fell from 55% in 2012 to the current 50%.

With the rise in housing costs, many first-timers are locked out of the market, unable to save the gargantuan down payment or qualify for a mortgage.

Related From $99,999 to $1-million plus: Here’s what Canadians can buy in Florida real estate Renewing your mortgage? Here’s why you should pick up the phone Outside of Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary, Canada’s housing market is ‘mediocre at best’ According to a BMO report released in March, first-time homebuyers plan to spend an average of $316,000 on their first home, up from $300,000 in 2013. (Those in Vancouver expect to spend $506,500 while those in Montreal plan to pay $237,900.) Respondents to the study expect to put an average down payment of 16% or $50,576.

Now, considering that the average home price in Canada was more than $416,000 in May, if you wanted to put 20% down, you’d need $83,200. That’s a daunting figure for anyone.

Six in 10 hopeful homeowners say their home-buying timeline has been delayed, with 39% citing rising real estate prices as the main reason for delay.

“You’ve been in the workforce for a few years and you don’t have a lot of assets; it can take several years to break into the financial market,” says Penelope Graham, an editor at Ratesupermarket.ca.

As tuition fees rise and students graduate with more debt, many find that they’re devoting funds to debt repayment versus saving for a down payment. (Mr. Norquay’s debt payments amount to $750 a month.)

And if graduates don’t find steady employment right away, accumulating a lump sum is even harder; more young people today compared to previous generations opt to return to school when they have trouble breaking into their fields.

The youth unemployment rate in 2012 was 2.4 times that of adults — marking the biggest gap since 1977, a Statistics Canada report said.

“If you look at youth unemployment and underemployment, that’s definitely another factor. The ability of young people to earn has been compromised,” says Benjamin Tal, deputy chief economist with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.

He calls today’s young adults “the lost generation” — a group that is falling behind economically.

A new report by the Conference Board of Canada echoes his findings: the average disposable income of Canadians between the ages of 50 and 54 is now 64% higher than that of 25- to 29-year-olds. That’s up from 47% in the mid-1980s.

With young workers facing lower wages, rising home prices and tighter mortgage restrictions (reducing total amortization to 25 years, capping maximum debt ratios for households to qualify for a mortgage loan), the goal of home ownership moves further away for many.

So what are people doing instead? They’re spending more time living with mom and dad. They’re renting. Renting often suits a younger demographic who might appreciate mobility and fewer responsibilities. Plus, home buying comes with maintenance costs and upkeep and each time you buy a home, extra funds are needed to cover things such as lawyer fees, land-transfer taxes, and other transaction expenses that typically add 10% to the purchase price.

Some experts argue that investing one’s savings in assets with higher potential returns is a better option than sinking everything into the housing basket, especially if you might be planning to move anytime soon.

“The one compelling argument I have seen in support of renting is that if someone is wisely investing, it can be a bigger payout in the end,” Mr. Norquay says. “I am not at all the saver type, and those articles have only increased my desire to want to own. Basically it would be a way of forcing myself to invest.”

Why is he a bad saver? “I like to go out and have fun and I like to travel.” More than two-thirds of Gen X Canadians told a TD survey that they wanted enough flexibility to be able to afford things like travel after paying their monthly mortgage.

Mr. Norquay now rents a $1,950 two-bedroom condo unit with a roommate near his downtown legal aid clinic. Three years ago, he hoped to buy a home with a friend and got pre-approved for a joint mortgage; but they couldn’t find the right property.

Though some say people should take advantage of the record low mortgage rates and get into the housing market as soon as possible, Sadiq Adatia, chief investment officer at Sun Life Global Investments, suggests first-timers should continue to wait.

“First-time home buyers should wait to buy as the market is quite frothy at the moment and it is only a matter of time before we see a pullback,” Mr. Adatia says.

“Though rates will also go up at some point, our belief is that housing values will decline prior to that, giving buyers a great opportunity to take advantage of lower prices, but also lower rates. Those opportunities do not come often.”

As it stands today, houses are becoming less affordable, according to RBC’s most recent affordability index which measures the percentage of pre-tax household income that is needed to service the cost of owning a home (including mortgage payments, utilities and property taxes). In Vancouver, 82.4% of household median pre-tax income is needed to service the cost of owning a bungalow at current prices. That compares with 56.1% in Toronto and 34.5% in Calgary.

In places like Toronto and Vancouver, competition is steep so first-timers could face bidding wars which ratchet up prices and prompt some buyers to drop important conditions such as a home inspection.

“Without having a bit of help from friends and family or being able to sell something, it’s very difficult for a first-time homebuyer even on two incomes,” says Mike Bone, a 31-year-old account manager at a marketing consulting firm. He and his wife are looking to buy a home in Toronto for $550,000 to $700,000 but have found that bidding wars inflate all of the prices.

“We’re trying to balance getting in there and not making a stupid decision. It’s frustrating but we understand the high demand and the low supply of single-family homes. Lately, we’ve been looking at new builds and low-rise condos.”

Mr. Bone says he hopes that they’ll have some luck as the weather cools and in the interim, they’ll continue to build up their savings.

But how do you even start saving up that big chunk of money, especially if you’re doing it alone?

The majority (61%) of first-timers told a BMO survey that they’ve made cutbacks to their lifestyle in order to save for their first home. Meanwhile, 30% expect parents or family to assist in their purchase; this percentage rises to 40% in Montreal and Vancouver.

The minimum down payment for a home is usually 5%, says Jeff Cody, managing partner of Mortgage Brokers City Inc. in Ottawa. “But if you put less than 20% down, the mortgage has to be insured against default,” he adds. The more you put down, the lower your insurance premium, which start as high as 3.15%.

You need a strategy.

Mr. Norquay will finish paying off his student loans in October; then, he’ll start accumulating more for his future home. He also has savings in an registered retirement savings plan and wants to take advantage of the home buyers’ plan. Under the home buyers’ plan, Canadians can take $25,000 out of their RRSP and pay it back over the next 15 years without incurring any penalty.

Save as much as you can before taking the plunge, Ms. Graham says. “Aim to pay more than a 5% down payment,” she says. “No one wants to hear this but if you go into your first home purchase with more capital up front, it means you’re going to take out less of a mortgage and over the long run, you’re going to pay less interest and you’re going to build your equity faster.” • Email: mleong@nationalpost.com

How to avoid borrower remorse when mortgage rates drop

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Imagine you’ve applied for a five-year fixed-rate mortgage. Then, before you close, the lender drops its best five-year fixed interest rate. You’d expect that new lower rate, right?

Most people in this position would. But with imagesome lenders, that’s not the way it works.

If you’re going mortgage shopping, take a minute to understand your lender’s rate-drop policy before you send in your application. Too many people don’t and it ends up costing them.

MONEY MONITOR Video: How would an interest-rate hike affect your mortgage? How rate drops normally work Typically, if you’ve been approved for a mortgage and the lender drops its rates before your closing date, the lender will lower your rate as well. Every lender has its own policies, though. For instance:

· Some lenders allow you only one rate drop. Others allow multiple. · Some lenders only permit rate reductions up to seven days before you close. Others give you their best rate right up until your closing date. · Some lenders automatically lower your rate. Others require your banker or mortgage broker to manually request the rate adjustment. In this latter case, you better have a reliable mortgage adviser or keep tabs on rates yourself.

The best-case scenarios are those lenders with “look-back” policies. This means they’ll look back and give you their lowest rate from the time you applied until the time you closed. Those lenders are few and far between but any good broker knows who they are.

How other lenders operate More and more lenders are adding “no-float-down” clauses to their fixed mortgage rates. This is particularly true with certain non-bank lenders.

“No float down” means your rate cannot be adjusted lower if that lender comes out with a better deal. Those lenders make those lower rates available for “new business only.”

Now, you may be thinking, “I’m a good client, why should a new customer get a better rate than me?” The answer, lenders say, is profitability. When you get a fixed mortgage, the company funding your mortgage generally “hedges” that rate, meaning it pays for an expensive form of rate insurance. This ensures the lender doesn’t lose big if rates jump and it has to honour the lower rate it promised you.

If rates fell and the lender didn’t have a “no float-down” clause, it would incur the cost of that rate hedge and have to give all of that rate savings back to you, the customer. But with mortgage competition so fierce and margins so tight, some lenders can’t afford to do that anymore.

When rate drops matter If fixed rates are rising or going sideways, “no-float-down” policies shouldn’t hurt you. If fixed rates are in a downtrend, however, it pays to have that rate-drop option, other things being equal.

I say “other things being equal” because float-down privileges are rarely the deciding factor when choosing a mortgage. A lower upfront rate or better mortgage features can often negate the disadvantage of no-float-down restrictions.

Moreover, the odds of rates dropping decline the closer you are to your closing date.

In case you’re curious, fixed mortgage rates drop from one month to the next about 38 per cent of the time. That’s been the case since 1951 at least, according to Bank of Canada data.

Historically when rates have dropped – versus the prior month – the average decrease has been 0.23 percentage points. Even if you ignore 1973 to 1993, a volatile period of surging and plunging rates, the average decrease was still 0.17 percentage points. On a $200,000 five-year mortgage, a 0.17 percentage point rate drop would save you about $2,500 in interest.

If your mortgage does come with a rate-drop feature, contact your mortgage adviser about 10 days before you’re scheduled to close. Don’t take it for granted that someone will notify you automatically if rates are lowered. Ask if your lender has offered cheaper rates since you applied for your specific term and rate hold period. (Those last three words are important because lenders generally don’t let you have their lowest 30-day “quick close” rate if you originally applied for a 60, 90 or 120-day rate.)

Make it a point to understand your lender’s rate-drop policy. Every tenth of a per cent matters and you never know when interest costs will dip.

There are 300-plus lenders to choose from in this country. If you pick one with a “no-float-down” policy, be sure the rest of the mortgage terms make up for it.

Robert McLister is a mortgage planner at intelliMortgage Inc. and founder of RateSpy.com. You can follow him on Twitter at @RateSpy and @CdnMortgageNews.

Follow Robert McLister on Twitter: @CdnMortgageNews

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CMHC could force banks to pay deductibles on mortgage insurance

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The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. is looking at a new formula to push some of its losses on to financial institutions, essentially forcing them to pay a deductible on mortgages insured with the Crown corporation before claims are paid, according to sources.

Thinking about a move-up buy? Forget it, new study says you can’t afford it

You’re likely stuck in your current home because of new tougher mortgage regulations and ever-rising prices in the Canadian real estate market The Financial Post has learned the Office of the Simageuperintendent of Financial Institutions is involved in discussions with CMHC, which it oversees, while the Canadian Bankers Association is said to be against the measure.

“The CBA has ongoing discussions with CMHC about a variety of issues in the mortgage and housing markets,” said Maura Drew-Lytle, a spokesperson for the CBA, in an emailed statement. “The International Monetary Fund made a really vague reference to the notion of a mortgage insurance deductible in its Financial Sector Assessment report on Canada, but you would have to speak to CMHC about whether or not it is an idea that they are considering,”

A spokesman for CMHC would not comment. OSFI could not be reached.

“The idea is being floated around right now,” said a senior industry source, who asked not to be identified. “What they are trying to do is make sure lenders have some skin in the game.”

Any implementation might not happen for at least a couple of years while the amount of the deductible is still open to consideration. It’s likely to be in a range of 5% to 10% of a mortgage.

Canadians with less than a 20% down payment on a home must get mortgage default insurance when borrowing from a financial institution regulated by Ottawa. Those consumer loans, which are insured and ultimately backed by the federal government, are often securitized and then sold to investors.

The insurers guarantee the full and timely payment of principle and interest. If say a $100,000 loan in a securitized pool goes bad and, ultimately the bank can only recoup $70,000 of that loan, the insurer is responsible for the remaining $30,000.

Related CMHC sees amount of mortgages it insures shrinking this year amid tighter housing market rules CMHC cutting back on what it covers with mortgage default insurance How to invest in real estate — no matter what the market does “They are structured so the lender is compensated for missed principle and interest and any legal and settlement costs,” says Finn Poschmann, director of research of with C.D. Howe Institute, about the current situation. He says the average recovery rate on defaults is usually about 70% of the mortgage.

“The idea is you could design a mortgage insurance product that has a deductible in it,” said Mr. Poschmann.

CMHC, which controls a majority of the market, has been reviewing its operations since new chief executive Evan Siddall, a former investment banker, took over last year. The Crown corporation has been scaling back its in-force insurance while it no longer insures second homes.

Mr. Poschmann says like any other sort of insurance, a higher deductible could mean a lower premium. But mortgage insurance premiums on high-ratio loans in Canada are paid by the consumer.

“There is nothing in principle wrong with having a range of mortgage insurance options in the marketplace. We should be clear if a deductible were a standard feature of residential mortgage insurance, the terms will tighten from a lender’s point of view but there would be downward pressure on premiums,” he said.

Peter Routledge, an analyst with National Bank Financial, said any move to charge a mortgage deductible would fit in with the overall tone CMHC has taken in recent months.

What they are trying to do is make sure lenders have some skin in the game “It would be consistent with reducing the CMHC’s tail risk,” said Mr. Routledge, noting it would only be possible to implement with future policies.

He questioned whether consumers would see any reductions in premiums even though the banks would be paying a deductible.

All of the mortgage insurers, including private entities Canada Guaranty and Genworth Canada, raised fees May 1. For those consumers with a 95% loan to equity, the fee jumped from 2.75% to 3.15% of the value of a mortgage. CMHC said the increase reflected the need for it to reach higher capital targets.

Mr. Routledge said the changes would drive up the costs for the banks because they would have to keep more capital on hand and that could mean higher mortgage rates for consumers to cover the shortfall. “But it’s a very competitive marketplace, so it’s plausible the market could absorb that,” he says.

Rob McLister, editor of Canadian Mortgage Trends, wondered whether investors buying securitized paper with a deductible would demand higher rates.

“You have the risk of the lender going bad versus the government of Canada,” said Mr. McLister, noting CMHC is backed 100% by Ottawa while the deductible would have to be covered by a private bank.

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CMHC chief says housing agency considering passing on mortgage risk to banks

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The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. is looking at changes to mortgage default insurance that would include sharing risk with banks, the Crown corporation’s chief executive told a Montreal audience Friday.

Thinking about a move-up buy? Forget it, new study says you can’t afford it

THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darren Calabrese

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You’re likely stuck in your current home because of new tougher mortgage regulations and ever-rising prices in the Canadian real estate market “In our role as an adviser to government, we are evaluating a range of ideas on future improvements to our housing finance system, including risk-sharing with lenders to further confront moral hazard, future sandbox changes if housing markets are to become less stable, and increased capital requirements,” Evan Siddall told the Saint James Club, according to notes posted on CMHC’s website.

The Financial Post reported this month CMHC was looking at a new formula to push some of its losses on to financial institutions, essentially forcing them to pay a deductible on mortgages insured with the Crown corporation before claims are paid.

Sources have said the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions has been involved in discussions with CMHC, which it oversees, while the Canadian Bankers Association is said to be against the measure. The CBA said it has had a variety of discussions with CMHC about mortgage and housing issues.

Mr. Siddall said in his speech that while Canada weathered the 2008 financial crisis it needed to think about “the next economic storm” to ensure the housing finance system can adapt to it.

Related CMHC could force banks to pay deductibles on mortgage insurance CMHC sees amount of mortgages it insures shrinking this year amid tighter housing market rules CMHC cutting back on what it covers with mortgage default insurance “We are re-examining our role in the Canadian housing and financial markets and looking to be part of an even more resilient system,” he said. “As much as we never want to use taxpayer money to bail out banks, governments consistently want to help homeowners in the event of a generalized housing crisis.”

Since his appointment, CMHC has raised fees for mortgage insurance to boost capital requirements while reducing some housing that it covers, including second homes. It has also tightened the rules for insuring self-employed Canadians.

“As a government entity, we need to have a different approach to risk management. Implicitly, we are in the bail-out avoidance business. Lenders pay us a premium to back them up if things go wrong,” said Mr. Siddall. “So we have an explicit responsibility to manage tail risk and survive, since insolvency is a less obvious option for us.”

He noted the government has been compensated for its risk to the tune of $18-billion in profits from CMHC over the last decade.

As a government entity, we need to have a different approach to risk management CMHC is backing about $550-billion in mortgages while another $160-billion in mortgages, covered by private insurers, is ultimately also backed by Ottawa. The federal government backs 90% of mortgage loan insurance issued by private entities Genworth Canada and Canada Guaranty.

“Earlier this year, we measured our mortgage loan insurance programs against the yard stick of attending to Canadians’ housing needs – as opposed to wants, desires well-served by the private sector,” said Mr. Siddall. “As a result of these and other changes, our insurance-in-force has begun to decline.”

The chief executive also addressed the issue of a possible bubble in the housing sector.

“As a risk manager, let me tell you why we aren’t overly worried about a housing bubble at this point in time, based on what we know,” he said. “Our educated opinion is that growth in house prices in Canada will moderate. If we are wrong, and price growth remains strong or accelerates, we may need to look to macro-prudential counter-weights to avoid excesses. As I said, we are currently evaluating them.”

Joe Oliver says Canada won’t make major changes to CMHC, housing finance

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Canada won’t make any sudden changes to the country’s system of housing finance, even as the government looks at ways to reduce its role in the market, Finance Minister Joe Oliver said.

imageCanada’s finance minister is urging European countries to consider taking quick action to repair their flagging economies by following stimulus programs similar to the one that pulled this country out of recession. Read on Oliver said that while he’s studying proposals, such as the idea of the government passing on more risk to lenders, these are longer-term issues that don’t require immediate action. The government guarantees about $710 billion worth of Canadian mortgages through state-run Canada Mortgage & Housing Corp. and private mortgage insurers.

“We’re looking at things, but we’re not going to be doing anything dramatic,” Oliver said in an interview in Cairns, Australia, where he was attending a meeting of finance ministers and central bankers from the Group of 20 countries. “We don’t see the need for it.”

Related CMHC chief says housing agency considering passing on mortgage risk to banks CMHC could force banks to pay deductibles on mortgage insurance Canada’s housing market on course for soft landing, says CMHC Evan Siddall, chief executive of CMHC, said in a Sept. 19 speech his organization is looking at ways to better manage the government’s exposure to the housing market.

In the speech, Siddall outlined how his organization is “re-examining” its role to ensure the government isn’t distorting the housing market by assuming too much risk. Possible steps could include risk-sharing with banks, higher capital requirements or smaller regulatory measures to curb over-borrowing by some households, Siddall said.

Nothing Precipitous

“We certainly aren’t going to do anything precipitous,” Oliver said. “You don’t want to cause the very thing you are trying to prevent.”

On the risk-sharing proposal, Oliver said the government hasn’t made any decisions.

“Obviously it’s one of the things one looks at, but I don’t want to signal we’re doing anything,” he said.

Canadian housing has so far defied predictions of a correction with recent data showing an acceleration in resales, starts and prices. Policy makers have downplayed worries the market is at risk of a collapse, forecasting instead a soft landing. Oliver reiterated he doesn’t see a housing bubble.

In his speech, Siddall said that his organization’s research shows that even with some overvaluation, “there are no immediate problematic housing market conditions at the national level.” If prices don’t moderate as predicted though, Siddall said, it will strengthen the case for additional measures to cool the market.

Additional Measures

“Our educated opinion is that growth in house prices in Canada will moderate,” Siddall said. “If we are wrong, and price growth remains strong or accelerates, we may need to look to macro-prudential counter-weights to avoid excesses.”

Until now, the agency has been taking smaller measures to remove some of excesses from the market and reduce the amount of insurance it has in force, which is capped at C$600 billion. In June, it announced it would no longer insure financing for condominiums. In February, the agency said it will increase premiums on mortgage insurance by an average of 15 percent. In 2012, the government gave the country’s banking regulator new to oversee CMHC.

CMHC also is planning to increase its capital holdings to protect from insurance losses and has done stress testing that shows it would have survived a U.S.-style downturn in the housing market, Siddall said in the speech.

CMHC insures mortgages against default, and its insurance is fully backed by the federal government. By law, Canadian mortgages with less than a 20 percent downpayment must be insured.

Housing Vulnerability

Bank of Canada Governor Stephen Poloz said Sunday that while housing remains a “vulnerability” for Canada, “we don’t see the housing market as particularly hazardous and we certainly don’t consider it to be a bubble.”

‘We’re not overly concerned but monitoring it very carefully,’’ Poloz told reporters in Cairns. “Over the course of the summer there was no perceptible reduction in household imbalances, while during the first half of the year we had seen a modest constructive trend.”

While no major policy changes are planned, Oliver said there could be similar smaller steps that can be taken if warranted. “That doesn’t mean we’re not going to take further steps,” Oliver said. “A lot of things as you know that have happened, they call it the sandbox policies, we believe moderated the growth.”

In a conference call with reporters from Sydney Sunday, Oliver reiterated the government wants to gradually reduce its involvement in the mortgage market. “Anything that we might consider would be of a marginal nature, like some of the steps that have been taken,” he said.

Dramatic Exit

There have been calls for a more dramatic exit from the market by the government. In a June report, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said Canada should consider lowering the amount of mortgage insurance CMHC can write, and eventually get out of the business completely to limit taxpayer risk.

“Right now, government takes practically all the risk,” OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a June 11 interview. “This is a contingent liability of the taxpayers of Canada. There has to be some risk borne by the intermediary institutions and the borrowers themselves.”

Tax Inversions

Oliver also told reporters on the conference call he spoke to U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew at the Cairns meeting about U.S. companies that seek to reduce taxes by relocating abroad, a practice known as inversion.

Lew said Saturday his department is finishing work on measures that would limit inversions.

Oliver said it’s not clear whether the changes will be retroactive, a move that might affect Burger King Worldwide Inc.’s takeover of Canadian coffee and doughnut retailer Tim Hortons Inc. “We don’t know just how far that might go, whether there would be an attempt at retroactivity,” Oliver said.

He said Canada hasn’t been targeting companies for potential inversions. “The reason that we have pursued a low- tax policy on the corporate side is to attract and retain capital, which results in economic growth and employment.”

Bloomberg.com

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Breaking Down Debt: How 4 Different Loans Affect Your Mortgage-Worthiness

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Want to get a new mortgage? Then, your credit score is a really big deal — it can make or break your mortgage payments, and ultimately determine whether or not you get the house you want.

But before we talk about credit scores, let’s talk about the debt that affects them. There are two types of debt: secured and unsecured. When you borrow money to buy a house, the bank can take back the house to recoup their money if you don’t pay the debt. That means the debt is secured — it’s being balanced against something that you want to keep, and gives the bank some measure of security that they’re going to be able to recover the money they’ve loaned you.

Unsecured debt, on the other hand, means the bank can’t reclaim the thing you’re buying with the borrowed money. (Credit card debt is unsecured, and so are student loans.)

Let’s look at the impact of four key consumer loans, a mix of secure and unsecured debt, on your credit score—and ultimately your mortgage worthiness:

1. Student loans

Student loans are unsecured debt, but they’re not necessarily bad for your credit score — if you pay your bills on time. Because they often take decades to pay off, student loans can actually help your score. Loans held (and paid consistently) over a long period of time raise your score. Student loans will figure into your overall debt-to-income ratio, though, so they might affect your ability to afford a mortgage.

2. Auto loans

Auto loans are secured debt, because the lender can repossess the car if you don’t pay up. In some cases, auto loans raise your credit score by diversifying the types of debt you carry. And because auto loans are harder to get than credit cards, some mortgage lenders may look favorably on you because you’ve already been approved for a loan that wasn’t a slam dunk.

keep250k3. Payday loans

Payday loans don’t usually show up on your credit report. But if you default on the loan, it might ding your credit. Payday loans are unsecured — the lender doesn’t have any collateral — and the interest rates are often exorbitant, costing way more than people expect.

4. Existing mortgage loans

Mortgages are the classic example of a secured debt because the bank has the ultimate collateral — a piece of property. Mortgages, when paid on time, are great for your credit score. Missed payments on previous mortgages will make your new lender very nervous, however. If you already have a mortgage and are applying for another one, the new lender will want to know that you can afford to pay both bills every month, so they’ll be looking closely at your debt-to-income ratio.

If your second mortgage is for a rental property, you may be expecting the rental income to count towards the income side of the equation. But most lenders won’t count rental income until you’ve been a landlord for two years. Until that time, you have to qualify for any mortgages using documented income from other sources.

In general, having different types of debt can boost your credit score. So it’s not necessarily a bad thing to have a student loan and an auto loan when you’re applying for a mortgage. But be careful — over-borrowing can hurt you. Most mortgage companies, in addition to looking at your overall credit score, will look for a debt-to-income ratio below 43 percent. They’ll look at all the money you owe, and the monthly payments on all of that debt. They want to see that your income is enough to cover all your debts, including the mortgage you’re applying for.


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